The Flag of Cusco: Origin and Meaning of the Andean Rainbow

 High in the Peruvian Andes, a unique and vibrant flag often sparks curiosity among locals and visitors. It is the flag of Cusco, a multicolored emblem often confused with the LGBTQ+ pride flag. However, its history is much older and deeply rooted in the Andean worldview. In this article, we will explore the origin, evolution, and meaning of the Cusco flag, also known as the Andean rainbow.

What is the Cusco Flag?

The Cusco flag is made up of seven horizontal stripes in the colors of the rainbow: red, orange, yellow, green, sky blue, dark blue, and violet. Although visually similar to the gay pride flag, its historical context is completely different.
This flag has been officially recognized by the Provincial Municipality of Cusco since 1978, the year its use was institutionalized as a symbol of the city. The design was proposed by then-radio announcer Raúl Montesinos Espejo, who claimed it represented the Tahuantinsuyo, the ancient Inca empire.

Origin: Inca or Contemporary?

Inca Myth vs. Historical Record

Although the idea that this flag represents the Tahuantinsuyo (four regions of the Inca Empire) has been promoted, there is no historical or archaeological evidence that proves the Incas used a similar flag. Colonial chronicles and anthropological studies do not mention symbols that resemble this rainbow version.
In reality, the concept of a rainbow flag as a representation of the empire was only popularized in the 20th century. Montesinos’s design was enthusiastically embraced for its integrative symbolism and its visual connection to the Andean worldview, where the rainbow is a recurring figure in rituals, textiles, and art.

Meaning of the Colors

Each color in the flag represents an important value in Andean culture:

• Red: Earth and blood of the Andean people.
• Orange: Society and culture.
• Yellow: Energy and wealth.
• Green: Nature and harmony.
• Sky Blue: Sky and space.
• Dark Blue: Knowledge and wisdom.
• Violet: Community and spirituality.

This symbolism seeks to reflect the connection between human beings, nature, and the cosmos, fundamental principles of Andean philosophy.

Controversies and Confusions

With the popularization of the LGBTQ+ pride flag, the similarity between the two flags has generated international confusion. The main difference is that the LGBTQ+ flag has six colors and does not include sky blue.

This has led to debates about the need to clearly differentiate both symbols, both in public and institutional spaces. Some organizations suggest adding a distinctive element to the Cusco flag, such as the Tahuantinsuyo coat of arms or an Inca symbol.

Cultural and Tourist Importance

Today, the Cusco flag is ubiquitous in festivals, public buildings, artisan fairs, and even souvenirs. Beyond its historical authenticity, it has become an emblem of regional identity and a powerful visual draw for tourism, attracting thousands of people interested in Andean culture.

Conclusion

The Cusco flag is much more than a colorful symbol. It represents a modern attempt to reconnect with the Inca heritage and express the fundamental values of the Andean worldview. Although it does not have roots in the Inca Empire as popularly believed, its contemporary adoption has managed to consolidate it as a symbol of identity with great cultural strength.